Metaphor

Metaphor: A figure of speech using an implied comparison of seemingly unlike things or the substitutin of one for the other, suggesting similarity. 

Example: 

"My mistress' eyes are nothing like the sun;"

              (Sonnet 130, Shakespeare"

This is a methaphor because he's comapring her mistress eyes to the sun. Even though he says that her eyes do not shine at all. He's comaring them to the sun and how they do not glow like it. 

Flashback

Flashback:  Returning to an earlier time in a narrative for the purpose of making something in the present clearer.

Example:
" When he was nearly thirteen, my brother Jem got his arm badly broken at the elbow."
                          (To Kill A Mokingbird, Nell Harper Lee, pg.2)

This is an example of a flashback because Scout is starting the book by going back to the summer when  her brother broke his arm. This let's us know that she's not that age anymore and that she's going to tell the story in the point of view of her when she was younger.

Extended Metaphor

Extended Metaphor: A metaphor developed at length, ocurring frequently in or throughout a work. 

Example:
"Hope is the thing with feathers
That perches in the soul, 
And sings the tune- without the words,
And never stops at all, 
And sweetest in the gale is heard; 
And sore must be the storm
That could abash the little bird
That kept so many warm.
I've heard it in the chillest land,
And on the strongest sea;
Yet, never, in extremity,
It asked a crumb of me."

(Little Bird, Emily Dickinson)

This is an example of extended metaphor because it compares many things to the little bird. Throught the whole poem she compares the bird to many things without actually saying it's a bird. 

Post oc/ ergo propter hoc

Post oc/ ergo propter hoc: (also called the post hoc fallacy) When a writer implies that because one thing follows another, the first caused the second. Confusing with causation.

Example:
" He said his father laid mighty sick once, and some of them catched a bird, and his old granny said his father would die, and he did."
                             (Huckleberry Finn, Pg.45)

In ths quote Jim is impling that because that granny cathced the bird his grandfather died.

Persona

Persona: The fictional voice (or mask) that a writer adopts to tell a story. Persona or voice is usually determined by a combination or subject matter and audience.

Example:
"You don't know about me, without you have read a book by the name of 'The Adventures of Tom Sawyer," but that ain't the matter. That book was made by Mr. Mark Twain, and he told the truth, mainly."
           (Huckleberry Finn, Pg.1)

In this quote we can see that Huck is trying to be his own persona. Mark Twain is Huck, he is hiding behind that "Mask" and he's adopting the persona of Huck.

Predicate Nominative

Predicate Nominative: A second type of subject compliment- a noun, group of nouns, or noun clause that remanes the subject. It, like the predicate adjective, follows a linking verb and is located in the predicate of the sentence.

Example:
" Col. Grangerford was a gentleman, you see."
                                        (Huckleberry Finn, Pg.105)

In this sentence the predicate nominative is "gentleman" which is describing Col. Grangerford.

Predicate Adjective

Predicate Adjective: One type of subject complement- an adjective, group of adjective clause that follows a linking verb. It is the predicate of the sentence and modifies, or describes, the subject.

Example:
"He was most fifty, and he looked it. His hair was long and tangled and greasy, and hung down, and you could see his eyes shining through like he was behind vines. It was all black, no gray; so was his long, mixed-up whiskers."
                                  (Huckleberry Finn, Pg.19)

In this senctence the ajectives are "long",  "tangled" and "greasy" to describe Pap. In this case those are the adjectives.